At atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide is an inert, colourless and odourless gas which is almost 1.5 times denser than air. It is stored in liquid formunder pressure.

Carbon dioxide extinguishes fire by reducing the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere to the point where combustion cannot be maintained. It reduces the oxygen content in the atmosphere from 21% to 15%, although in reality, it reduces the concentration of oxygen even more. In some applications, the cooling effect of CO2 can help extinction. Carbon dioxide may not be effective in fires of materials such as metal hydrides, reactive metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, titanium and zirconium; and chemicals that contain oxygen available for combustion, such as cellulose nitrate. Carbon dioxide is effective for electrical fires.

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